Researchers have developed a breakthrough therapy in the treatment of one of the world’s deadliest cancers: pancreatic cancer.
Regulators designated Aduro Biotech Inc.'s new combination of CRS-207
and GVAX Pancreas drugs a "breakthrough therapy," putting it on the
fast track to U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval. This
means that instead of going through the standard approval process, which
typically takes years, it could be only a matter of months before this
much-needed therapy is available to patients.
The designation was based on data from an ongoing phase 2 trial of 93
patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer who did not respond to other
treatments.
According to study results, patients who received the combination of
GVAX Pancreas and CRS-207 cancer vaccines had better outcomes than those
who received GVAX Pancreas vaccine alone.
The new immune system-boosting treatment’s breakthrough status means
it could be on the fast track to FDA approval within a few months.
Experts are hopeful that combination immunotherapy could help extend the
lives of those with metastatic pancreatic cancer.
What is pancreatic cancer?
The pancreas is a digestive organ located behind the stomach and
bounded by the liver, small intestine, and spleen. It secretes enzymes
to break down different molecules in the food we ingest and aids in
digestion. Pancreatic juices are released into the upper part of the
small intestine which help the body to digest fats, carbohydrates and
proteins.
As an endocrine gland, the pancreas secretes two hormones, insulin
and glucagon, to regulate blood sugar levels during the course of the
day. These hormones are released directly into the bloodstream, the
former acting to lower blood sugar and the latter to raise it.
Maintaining proper blood sugar levels is vital to the body – namely to
our brain, liver and kidneys, so they can work appropriately.
How common is it?
According to the National Cancer Institute, upwards of 45,000 new
cases of pancreatic cancers were reported in the United States last
year. Almost 40,000 patients lost their lives to the disease. Although
pancreatic cancer accounts for less than 3 percent of new cancer
diagnoses each year, it is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer
death for both men and women. Compared to other cancers, the survival
rate of those diagnosed with pancreatic cancer is very low with a 5-year
survival rate of about 5 percent.
This, in many ways, is due to the lack of preventative diagnostic
tools available for this type of cancer. Unlike prostate or breast
cancer, there is no annual test or biomarker that can be measured in
order to ensure early diagnosis of the disease.
How is it diagnosed?
The exact cause of pancreatic cancer is still unknown, but certain
risk factors like smoking, family history and chronic pancreatitis
increase the risk of developing the disease.
Signs of pancreatic cancer usually do not present themselves until
the disease is advanced, making it very difficult to diagnose. Some
symptoms include:
- Upper abdominal pain
- Yellowing of skin and whites of eyes
- Loss of appetite
- Weight loss
- Depression
- Blood clots
If your doctor suspects pancreatic cancer, you may have an imaging
test like CT or MRI to diagnose the cancer, or a tissue biopsy of the
pancreas.
How is it treated?
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most challenging cancers because it
is difficult to diagnose, responds poorly to treatment, and spreads
quickly to surrounding organs like the stomach and small intestines.
Treatment of pancreatic cancer may include surgery, chemotherapy and/or
radiation. Depending on the size of the tumor, surgery may remove just a
cancerous mass from the pancreas or part of the pancreas itself.
Dr.
David B. Samadi is the Chairman of the Department of Urology and Chief
of Robotic Surgery at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. He is a
board-certified urologist, specializing in the diagnosis and treatment
of urological disease, with a focus on robotic prostate cancer
treatments. Dr. Samadi joined Fox News Channel in 2009 as a medical
contributor. To learn more please visit his websites RoboticOncology.com and SMART-surgery.com. Find Dr. Samadi on Facebook.